passage 2b
Please write the correct answer a, b, c or d.

The origin of the 'movement' may well have been among the women who were without their menfolk during the war. People were at that time encouraged to do what was known as "Make-do and Mend". Groups of women used to meet to ex-change ideas on how to make use of old clothing; for example, a skirt could be made from the black evening-dress trousers which the husband was not likely to wear again. These ideas extended to making the most of limited food supplies; making attractive use of dried egg powder or a strange fish called 'snoek' from South Africa. To many English people, their first taste of an omelette came through the use of this powdered egg!
When the men came back the "Do-it-Yourself" idea had clearly taken root. Supplies of materials were limited for some years after the war and naturally costs increased. It was possible to save a great deal of money by making clothes for the family, doing your own house repairs or growing your own vegetables. If you were one of the returning soldiers, you felt that you were now, at last, doing something for yourself!
 

What about the present situation? "Do-It-Yourself" has now a new and rather different purpose. The work that many people do in modem industry and commerce could be said to be dull and impersonal because they have little personal interest in the whole business of which they form a small part. The car-factory worker who spends his working day watching a machine can have little interest in anything but the pay for his work. The person who controls the day-to-day operations of his company's accounts may become so concerned with getting them right that he loses sight of the firm's real activities. If modern industrial man is forced to work in such impersonal situations, the question arises as to what he can do for himself and how he can enjoy the money he has earned in this uninteresting way.
Here we see very clearly the appearance of the "Do-It-Yourself" idea. It is from this situation that a few men have taken the decision to make a single-handed voyage round the world; row a boat across the Atlantic; take part in hang-gliding; Kon-Tiki; the
four-minute mile, even the man on the moon! It is because of this that some people can refuse to accept mass control. They can express themselves by painting and decorating their living-rooms, growing bigger and better flowers than their: neighbours, keeping in good repair their beloved cars -the products of that very system they have refused to accept.
It matters not what your personal spare-time activity is; what does matter is that you should do it yourself.



6 Centres selling "Do-It-Yourself" articles became popular

A when houses were badly damaged.
B when nails and screws were needed.
C before the Second World War.
D some years after the War.

7 The "Do-It-Yourself" movement arose from

A soldiers returning from the War.
B people having to do many unaccustomed things.
C women running clothing shops.
D women learning new cooking methods.

8 The idea of "doing-it-yourself" was a good one because it allowed people to

A save expense.
B employ former soldiers.
C limit food supplies.
D use raw materials

9 on returning home after the war, men found that

A raw materials were unobtainable.
B there was an advantage in working for oneself.
C they had to make their own clothes.
D it was easy to become rich.

10 According to the passage, modern industrial man

A likes watching machines all day.
B is not interested in his pay.
C is obliged to get his accounts right.
D is not concerned with the product of his work.

11 The writer claims that many people who work in dull conditions

A do not care how much money they earn.
B will not obey their employers.
C put themselves in great danger.
D look for difficult things to do.

12 One result of this new movement is that people can

A travel to the moon.
B realise their dreams.
C refuse to do dull work.
D do things which satisfy them.

13 Many brave deeds have resulted from

A man's desire to accept mass control.
B man's desire to prove he can do something satisfying.
C people being free to spend their money.
D people wanting to change their work.

14 The passage suggests that present-day society approves of those who

A work in industry and commerce.
B earn a lot of money in their spare time.
C express their own independence.
D save time by doing their own repairs.