English grammar 1 Written By Dimitris Sclias
©D.Education Projects - class A senior
1. The indefinite article -> a - an
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a pen, a box, a table, a chair, -> a useful book.
an apple, an umbrella, an animal, an orange,-> an honest
man.
three times a month, $5 a kilo, 50km an hour.
Examples:
This is a table -> That is an orange.
This is a cat -> That is an animal.
I have a book -> I have books.
I go to school five times a week.
I walk 7km an hour.
I am a boy -> We are boys.
The definite article -> The
Examples: With *THE*
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The horse, the cats.
The Aegean sea, The Atlantic ocean.
The river Nile, The Alps, The Sahara desert.
The Cyclades, The Browns(family name), The United
States.
The Hilton hotel, The Rex cinema, The Mary Rose(ship)
The piano, the violin, the guitar...
The English language, The Greeks
Examples: Without *THE*
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I like milk.
Tom is a boy.
See you on Sunday.
My birthday is in May.
We had lunch at noon.
John likes Maths.
Jane plays basketball but -> Liana plays the piano.
He speaks English.
home, school, bed, church, hospital.
go home now!, We go to school
prison, university, bed, work...
The police put him in prison.
We travel-> by car, by bus, by plane, by taxi, by train
on foot.
2. To be(I am).
Positive Interrogative Negative
I am am I ? I am not (I'm not)
You are are you ? you are not (you aren't)
He is is he ? he is not (he isn't)
She is is she ? she is not (she isn't)
It is is it ? it is not (it
isn't)
We are are we ? we are not (we aren't)
You are are you ? you are not (you aren't)
They are are they ? They are not (they aren't)
I am -> I'm I am not -> I'm not
You are -> You're You are not -> You're not
He is -> He's He is not -> He's not
She is -> She's She is not -> She's not
It is -> It's It is not -> It's not
We are -> We're We are not -> We're not
You are -> You're You are not -> You're not
They are -> They're They are not -> They're not
Examples :
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Tony is a boy -> He's a boy.
Mary is a girl -> She's a girl.
Pete and Tom are here -> They're here.
Who are you? - I'm Tim.
Are you teachers? - Yes, we are.
Is he Peter ? - No, he isn't
Are they girls? - Yes, they are.
Is this a pen? - No, it isn't.
Is that a train? - Yes, it is.
Are these balls? - Yes, they are.
Are those pencils? - No, they aren't.
Are you a postman? - No, I'm not.
Who are they? - They're Mr and Mrs Brown.
Are you at school? - Yes, we are.
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3. Plural number
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Rules and examples.
1. -s
--------
boy - boys, table – tables, tree, trees.
2. - s, ss, sh, ch, x -> - es.
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-> bus-buses, kiss-kisses, brush-brushes,
-> watch-watches, box-boxes, church-churches.
3. -> boy - boys BUT -> lorry – lorries.
4. -> -f , -fe -> Thief-thieves, knife – knives.
BUT -> cliff - cliffs, roof - roofs.
5. Tomato - tomatoes BUT -> Piano - pianos, kilo – kilos.
Irregular plural
6. man - men, woman - women, child - children,
foot - feet
7. tooth - teeth, mouse - mice, louse - lice
roof- roofs
8. sheep - sheep, hero - heroes, ox - oxen
9. Singular and Plural the SAME.
black –> black fat –> fat
who -> who which -> which
what -> what where -> where
When -> when why -> why
how -> how etc.
More plurals:
this is -> these are I am -> we
are
that is -> those are you are -> you are
there is -> there are he, she, it is -> they
are
me -> us my -> our
you -> you your -> your
him, her, it -> them his, her, its -> their
Examples:
This is a horse -> These are horses.
That is a box -> Those are boxes.
There is a book -> There are books.
He’s a man -> They’re men.
She is a woman -> They’re women.
I am a policeman -> We are policemen.
You are a boy -> You are boys.
Look at him -> Look at them.
This is a watch -> These are watches.
That is a red dress -> Those are red dresses.
She’s a tall girl -> They’re tall girls.
The end of Demo